Ancient England in 886 Era of King Alfred the Great (The Last Kingdom on Netflix) based on true history

Nadene Goldfoot                                         
                                                                       

British Isles in 886
Era of King Alfred the Great

This historical period is the theme of The Last Kingdom which has come out on Netflicks,  when the Vikings, called The DANES, tried to take over the island of England and our hero is of mixed blood, fathered by a Viking but happens to be a Saxon though his mother.  He is torn between being a part of one and not the other.   The story line goes faster than my mind can comprehend this fast moving and exciting drama.  Thus one needs some historic background to appreciate it because the places go by much different names than one sees in the British Isles today.

The Henwoods came from the South in the area labeled "Wessex and it's Dependencies"  which is Hampshire today.  At that time, the area was Anglo-Saxon.

I could only go back in finding family as far as the 1500s.
Descendants of John Henwood.  I had a researcher relative in England that had done all the work of finding these facts and she graciously shared them with me.  She had gone to cemeteries to find the information as well as other means.

1  [1] John Henwood b: 1538 in Medstead, Hampshire, England d: 1591
.. +Johne b: Abt. 1538 in Prob. Medstead, Hampshire, England d: 1606
*2nd Wife of [1] John Henwood:
.. +Anne b: 1540 in Prob. Medstead, Hampshire d: February 18, 1584/85 m: Abt. 1560 in Prob. Medstead, Hampshire, England
. 2  Sibbel Henwood b: 1561 d: 1576
. 2  Joan Henwood b: 1562
. 2  Thomisen Henwood b: 1564 in England
..... +Thomas Hammond b: Abt. 1564 in England
. 2  Alice Henwood b: 1567
..... +William Keene b: Abt. 1567 m: 1598
. 2  Guy Guidi Henwood b: 1570 d: 1612
..... +Purnell Lennard b: Abt. 1570 in Medstead, Hampshire, England m: 1601 in Medstead, Hampshire, England
. 2  Ide "Edith" Henwood b: 1570
..... +John Smith b: Abt. 1570
. 2  [2] Richard Henwood b: 1583
..... +Agnes Seward b: Abt. 1583 m: 1606
. *2nd Wife of [2] Richard Henwood:
..... +Mary Wellman b: Abt. 1583 m: February 26, 1607/08 in Kingsclere, Hampshire, England
*3rd Wife of [1] John Henwood:
.. +Margaret Myllet b: Abt. 1540 m: September 22, 1560 in Kingsclere, Hampshire, England

                                                                 

King Alfred-on The Last Kingdom

King Alfred the Great b: 847
reigned 871-886

Charles Ernest Henwood b: February 6, 1897 

Winchfield, Hampshire, England

 d: September 10, 1984 

and wife Dorothy Henwood

 nee Disney b: December 25, 1899

 in Hornchurch, Essex, England

 d: March 3, 1997  

with friend in middle

I think Charles would have loved

 this presentation 

of merry old England.  

Reference:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Kingdom_(TV_series)

Haplogroup R-M269 Updates for Henwood

Nadene Goldfoot

My son's surname is Henwood and his Y haplogroup is R1b1a2 then updated to R-M269, now updated to R-L48.   I'm Jewish but his father was not. By our Jewish law, this makes my son Jewish as well.  I searched this surname and Hen and wood could have been, with these 2 lines meeting possibly in Amsterdam.  Hen was a Sefardic surname, related to Gracian, which was a prominent Spanish family descended from Judah ben Barzilai.  Members lived in Barcelona from 13th-16th century and most used the surname of HEN.  14 biographies in Jewish Encyclopedia.   Also related to Nasi and Trabot, other Sephardic surnames.  Wood is related to Hays, a Dutch family, related to many including Cohen, Levy, Meyers, Hershfield, Judah, etc.  (Finding Our Fathers-by Rottenberg).  So far, I see no evidence of a history of Jewish genes even in the tools on GedMatch.  However, in the book LEGACY by Harry Ostrer, geneticist, he stated that R1b, the most common Y chromosomal type of Atlantic Europe, had a high frequency among the Welsh, Basques, Irish, English, Portuguese, French and Dutch. Jewish R1b's  occurrence among Ashkenazi Jews may be an indicator of admixture that happened at the time of Jewish residence in the Rhine Valley before the migration to Eastern Europe. 
What I find is that there are other people with R1b who are Jewish.  The more common Jewish haplogroup seems to be R-M343.

Update: 2/13/2021:  Twenty years ago, a haplogroup estimate of R-M343 or R-M269 was assumed to be a marker of non-Jewish paternal ancestry. With new scientific tools, we now know that, instead, it might indicate descendance from any number of known Jewish lineages, small and large, with probable ancient origins in the Middle East, western Asia, Africa, or the .....from paper posted on  academia.  https://www.academia.edu/41172857/A_New_Narrative_for_Jewish_R1b_Jewish_Men_in_the_Most_Common_European_Y_DNA_Haplogroup_and_The_FTDNA_Jewish_R1b_Project?email_work_card=abstract-read-more.  

population of western Europe. It’s beyond the scope of this article to discuss all the recent discoveries and theories aboutthe prehistory and migration of R-M343 and more speci

󿬁

cally R-M269 men, but I’ve provided references at the end of thearticle for those who want to pursue this further. For now, I’ll focus on the parts of R-M343 that have major Jewish lineages

Update: The Jews of the Netherlands have R1b1 (R- P25) a sub haplogroup of R1b1b2l.  (R- M269) is the characteristic DNA of Western European population.)

"More than 100 million European men carry a type called R-M269, so identifying when this genetic group spread out is vital to understanding the peopling of Europe.

R-M269 is most common in western Europe, reaching frequencies of 90% or more in Spain, Ireland and Wales."

The farthest back this family line has actually  gone is to John Henwood, 1538, Medstead, Hampshire, England.  

England's history towards Jews is not good.  Jews were expulsed in 1290 and now allowed back in until 1655, with some exceptions allowed to stay, and they were mostly doctors.  Interesting, in that my son's father was a doctor.  

If this Henwood had Jewish ancestors, he may not have known about it, or he was one of the so-called Marranos, now called Anusim, or hidden Jews, allowed to stay in this period.

Now ACADAMIA has a new paper on the subject:https://www.academia.edu/41172857/Jewish_men_in_the_most_common_European_Y-DNA_haplogroup_a_new_narrative_for_Jewish_R1b_The_FTDNA_Jewish_R1b_Project?auto=download

off within a few centuries after P312). Those subclades and their downstream clades have effectively,without major interruptions, populated Europe (the smoo

DNA Test Showing Mother and Father's Genes in a Match (Phasing) With GedMatch

Nadene Goldfoot                                         

My children have had a familyfinder DNA test with Family Tree DNA  as well as myself. The test results have been also transferred to GedMatch.com.  There are more tools there to use. 

I've just discovered a tool at GedMatch that I hadn't tried before, and it's called PHASING.  I find that one of my children have a match with someone, and I can find out through phasing what segments came from me or their father.  It's great.  I've seen (recombination) occur where a segment from me can be in the middle of their father's longer segment on one of our 23 chromosomes.  I've also seen segments from their maternal and paternal side and segments that are unknown.  Evidently not all can be identified.

What I've done is change the given 7 cMs on the tool to a 1cMs to catch any under 7cMs.  They do not appear to be random numbers to me, as I have 2 children and can triangulate even these teeny segments between 3 people; my 2 children and the 3rd party they happen to match. 

I can see that 2 very small matches happen to come from the maternal side. 
#10 chromosome shows 2.5cMs of which 1.9 came from the maternal side. 
#  3 chromosome shows 1.8 cMs of which  1.3 came from the maternal side.
It was a very big surprise to find that both of us parents matched this person.  It's not a common thing to happen. 

We all have 23 chromosomes.  They are numbered, with the numbers on the left side of the chart below.  A segment of DNA has a start and and end, just like measuring a candy bar's length, only it's measured in centimorgans, not inches.  I ignore the SNPs.  I'm not concerned with that in phasing.

Notice that #3 and #10 's origins are from the child's maternal side, found with the phasing tool. 

Chr	Start Location	End Location	Centimorgans (cM)	SNPs
1	1,876,379	18,645,558	38.1	4,724
1	188,809,934	193,835,006	3.6	864
2	8,674	3,778,258	6.0	1,149
2	23,392,137	38,674,026	16.9	4,001
2	113,275,385	128,834,685	15.1	3,229
2	168,111,926	169,744,512	3.1	576
3	11,105,342	30,861,158	25.4	5,356
3	78,677,509	84,921,184	1.8	829
3	136,606,065	140,176,161	1.8	547
3	163,745,440	199,167,820	55.5	7,265
4	61,566	4,218,034	5.6	726
6	93,946,897	106,930,907	10.3	2,377
6	147,057,473	152,505,181	9.9	1,684
7	70,819,128	75,761,995	4.2	555
8	8,745,380	10,159,725	1.6	510
10	25,864,711	63,890,837	29.6	7,818
10	72,905,814	76,660,191	2.5	714
10	86,056,820	103,078,673	16.4	4,455
11	11,432,403	74,203,500	61.7	14,070
12	61,880	3,586,646	9.4	1,029
12	20,528,868	21,454,411	1.6	563
12	124,351,087	131,507,619	26.1	2,681
15	59,887,798	70,422,883	15.2	2,419
15	72,276,260	75,654,737	1.7	512
15	76,495,987	91,365,772	23.4	3,963
16	10,264,641	16,872,606	11.4	1,712
16	64,455,388	67,182,754	1.3	603
16	81,737,646	88,668,978	20.5	3,023
18	29,646,321	68,648,238	47.5	9,936
19	14,504,499	16,010,033	2.4	582
20	44,034,700	62,374,274	47.2	5,908
22	34,988,801	49,528,625	34.9	4,477

Here is the match from the child's paternal side.  

Chr	Start Location	End Location	Centimorgans (cM)	SNPs
1	1,943,926	18,595,078	37.7	4,652
2	8,674	3,771,940	6.0	1,138
2	23,572,528	38,674,026	16.8	3,915
2	113,275,385	128,743,705	14.9	3,191
3	11,105,342	30,711,555	25.2	5,263
3	165,498,710	199,167,820	54.9	7,006
4	61,566	4,218,034	5.6	723
6	93,946,897	106,930,907	10.3	2,357
6	147,368,327	152,485,082	9.7	1,596
10	25,864,711	63,738,349	29.5	7,716
10	86,519,932	102,954,502	15.9	4,285
11	11,482,000	74,096,811	61.5	13,912
12	61,880	3,586,646	9.4	1,024
12	124,351,087	131,338,907	25.9	2,648
15	59,887,798	70,422,883	15.2	2,402
15	77,050,876	91,365,772	22.5	3,829
16	10,264,641	16,867,138	11.3	1,694
16	81,789,554	88,668,978	20.3	2,962
18	29,661,524	68,648,238	47.5	9,854
19	14,546,934	16,010,033	2.3	564
20	44,034,700	62,374,274	47.2	5,876
22	34,988,801	49,528,625	34.9	4,433

Here is the report from the maternal side.  There was a match, a surprise but very very small.  

Chr	Start Location	End Location	Centimorgans (cM)	SNPs
3	79,489,209	84,921,184	1.3	689
10	73,201,075	76,660,191	1.9	544

I'd suggest that parents have their children tested, too.  It's always best to start with the oldest person in a family, though, and then you can always get the rest tested later.  The lucky children will benefit because then they will see what genes came from which parents.  Someday, we may even find out what these genes have created in us, such as:  intelligence, diseases, coloring, etc. 

Henwood, a Hamlet

Nadene Goldfoot
                                                HENWOOD, ENGLAND

"Henwood is a hamlet about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-west of Oxford, England. Henwood is in Wootton civil parish in the Vale of White Horse District.

Historically Henwood was a single farm in the parish of Cumnor, until Wootton was created a separate parish in the 19th century.^[1] Since then there has been ribbon development along the B4017 road. Henwood was in Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it to Oxfordshire.

Henwood Farmhouse dates back to the 17th century. It is a Grade II Listed Building."

It's possible that people from there took the name, Henwood, as their surname.  It could have started as a family group, then grew into a clan and tribe, taking in new male members who would have had different haplotypes.  

The  DNA of the Y haplotype (group) will tell what the branch is of a male Henwood.  Our Henwood male tested as a R-L48.    This is the Western Atlantic Model Haplotype, otherwise known as WAMH. 

Our Henwoods are mostly from Hampshire, England.  

Reference:  Wikipedia:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henwood

Col. Wesley Charles Henwood, MD Bio From Reed College "In Memoriam"

Col. Wesley Charles Henwood ’53 Graduate of Reed College

Wesley Henwood ’53 with his ex-wife, Nadene Goldfoot, and son Stephen Henwood ’75,. and grandson who is now a veterinarian.  

Wesley Charles Henwood, Reed College graduate in ’53,died on April 17, 2012, in La Ceiba, Honduras, from a heart attack.   Wes grew up with an older sister in Lakewood, Washington, where his English parents built some lovely homes. He earned a BA from Reed in biology and an MD at the University of Washington, and did an internship in radiology at the University of Chicago. He was certified as a roentgenographic interpreting physician by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and had a radiology practice in Minnesota for over 20 years. In Minnesota and in Mexico and Central America he hunted and fished—flying to destinations in his small aircraft. In the early ’80s, he went to Roatan, Bay Islands, Honduras, for an early retirement and to complete the development of a 40-acre parcel of land he owned there. When tourism slowed, he returned to radiology, serving with the U.S. Army and achieving the rank of colonel. Following this portion of his medical career, he practiced in Virginia before taking a second retirement in Washington and in La Ceiba, Honduras. Nadene Goldfoot, who provided the details for this memorial, wrote, “Wes was a bundle of energy, always experimenting with businesses beyond his medical practice. He was an ardent reader, a great dancer and true adventurer, always admiring Ernest Hemingway.” Survivors include two daughters and three sons, including Stephen Henwood ’75; three grandchildren; and his sister.

Appeared in Reed magazine: September 2012

Time Line of Henwood in British Isles and World Population

Over 2,000 years ago in about 100 BCE, explorers and traders
from the Mediterraniean world wrote down the names of the people of these
NW islands as PRITANI - BRITANNI was how Romans pronounced it.
People in what is now the county of Hampshire were of the tribe of
ATREBATES.  This was in the late iron age.   They had connections with what is now, northern France.

Originally, the Atrebates were a powerful tribe from northern Gaul.
We think of Gaul as France, but  to the Romans, it included present France, Belgium, Luxemburg and parts of the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany on the west bank of the Rhine, and the Po Valley, in present Italy.

                               

Neanderthal Male
Neanderthals went extinct about 40,000 years ago.  Neanderthals and modern humans share 99.7% of their DNA  and are hence closely related.  Once, Great Britain was connected to Europe.  
In Swanscombe, England (400,000 years ago): Between 1933 and 1955, amateur archaeologists discovered three separate pieces of the same female skull at a gravel quarry in Swanscombe. The skull is thought to be that of an early Neanderthal (although the skull’s age and species status have been questioned.) Less than an hour east of London, the Swanscombe site is now a historical park.  SW England held the oldest modern man, about 41,000
years old today.  It was in Kent's Cavern.  

Date                Population  in British Isles          Population in World (About)
                                                                       
9,000 BCE.(7,000 years ago)..     1,200              1,000,000-10,000,000   farming                                                                                                                      introduced, more born

8,000 BCE                                                            4,000,000,000 global agriculture


5,000 BCE      5,500                                           5,000,000 -20,000,000

4,000 BCE Moses was born in Egypt                                  

2,000 BCE      250,000 England                        27,000,000 (27 million)              
                         50,000 Irish                                                              Stonehenge

500 BCE  Hill forts held a few houses and were cult centers or places for seasonal gatherings.
              Some hill forts were packed wit roundhouses as in Hampshire (Danebury) and had a population of about 200.  They had underground grain silos or storage pits, dug into the ground, capped with clay and capable of holding one or 2 tons of grain apiece.  Thus they could feed themselves.   

 37-0 BCE-CE  Jesus was born in Bethlehem, Judah   200,000,000

17 CE  "Medstead of Hampshire, England,  has a known history going back 3000 years . The name has been spelled  in many different ways including: Maedstede, Maydstede, Meadstead, Meadsted, Medestede, Medstead, Medsted, Medsteid, Medstyd, Meydsted, Meydstede, Midstead and Midsted.  'Mid-Stead' or half way place - in feudal days, the village was on a road from Farnham to Winchester, often travelled by the King and Bishop.
The other popularly held belief is that 'Maedstede' was Saxon for 'the place in the clearing'.
250 CE    3,500,000
500 CE            Roman Empire fell                  180,000,000
1066 CE William I      Norman King                                    

                                         
1300-1400 CE   smaller than France              170,000,000  population fell, plagues in world
and Italy
1466-1503 Elizabeth of York, mother of Henry VIIII      
                                                                                 

1538-159 CE John  and Ann Henwood in Medstead, Hampshire, England
1540 CE          

Henry VIII King of England, Wales and Ireland

1600 CE                                                         560,000,000


1800 CE                                                     945,000,000  from migration, agriculture, industry
1801      1st English census
1804                                                                   1 billion world population 
1819-1861 Queen Victoria-Prince Albert        
                                                                                 

Born February 11, 1827 Henry Henwood and Sarah Cooper Henwood; married in  Hantz, Basingstoke, Hampshire,  Hartley Wintney, England                 
                                             
Born February 6, 1897   Charles Ernest Henwood and Queenie Dorothy Disney Henwood; Charles was born in Winchfield, Hartley Wintney Row, County of Hampshire, England.

1900 CE                                                      1,650,000,000,000
1927 CE                                                       2 billion humans
1960 CE                                                       3 billion humans
1974 CE                                                       4 billion humans
1987 CE                                                       5 billion humans UN -Matej Gaspar of Zagreb born
1999 CE                                                       6.billion humans
2000 CE                                                       6,000,000,000,000  medicine ,cities, industry
2011 CE    England    53,012,456                7 billion humans
                  Scotland     5,295,000
                  Wales         3,063,456
    Northern Ireland      1,810,863
    UK Total:               63,181,775

2017 CE   England     65,493,313                7,500,000,000 world population today.
2024 CE                                                       8 billion humans projected 
2042 CE                                                       9 billion humans projected

David Hume (1752) and Robert Wallace (1761) asked, "Was the growth of industry, urbanization and restructuring of social classes a good thing or not?  Was modernization a blessing or a curse?

Thomas Robert Malthus of Cambridge (1798) replied, "I think I may fairly make two postulata.
1. First, that food is  necessary to the existence of man.
2. Secondly, that the passion between the sexes is necessary, and will remain nearly in its present state.
I say, that the power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man.
Population, when unchecked, increases in geometric ratio.
Subsistence increases only in an arithmetical ratio.

He thought that an increase in food supply caused more people and more poverty.  He believed in abstinence but didn't want contraception.  He married at 39.
Poverty was caused by their own fault for not trying harder and welfare only kept the misery they suffered going.  He thought more suffering would encourage people to practice self discipline.

Obviously his theory was not accepted by anyone.  What really happened?
 As the death rate dropped in Britain which was developing economically, the fertility rate declined within a generation or two.  In modern societies, people had fewer children.

Over 2,000 years ago, prosperous Romans adopted the same small family family structure.  Pliny in 23-79 CE then wrote:  "In our time people hold that an only son is already a heavy burden and that it is advantageous not to be overburdened with posterity.  There was Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger.  He must have been a handful.

I have been able to go back 14 generations to John Henwood b: 1538 d: 1591 at age 53 and wife Anne who had 7 children in Medstead, Hampshire, England.  Manor of Medstead was bought by Sir Richard Lyster in 1530.

 Today, Medstead is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 4.3 miles (6.9 km) west-southwest of Alton. The village has a population of around 2,000 and adjoins the village of Four Marks. At over 700 feet above sea level, they are some of the highest villages in Hampshire. The village also has its own restored railway station on the Watercress Line, services from which connect with the nearest national rail station 4.3 miles (6.9 km) to the northeast, at Alton.

 The origins of the ecclesiastical parish of Medstead can be traced back to the Saxon period and the granting of the Liberty of Alresford which covered the present-day ecclesiastical parishes of New Alresford, Old Alresford and Medstead. The Domesday Book of 1086 confirms the establishment of the Liberty's Mother Church, St. Mary the Virgin, Old Alresford. (Domesday Book is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. Wikipedia)  In the Liberty of Alresford, St. Mary the Virgin had been established as the Mother Church at Old Alresford with chapelries of St. John the Baptist at New Alresford and St. Andrew at Medstead


PROJECTION in 33 years in 2050:

2050 CE...20% of population 12 million people)  will be over age 70  (born 1950-1979 or before)
                                            8 million will be between age 60-70.   (born 1980-1990)
2100 CE...                                                                   11.2 billion world population
                                                                     

Our male Henwood has been DNA tested and carried R1 b1a2 or now called R-M269.  It is the
Western Atlantic Model Haplotype.  A Jewish man was tested and also carries R-M269. 

 "Haplogroup R-M269, also known as R1b1a1a2, is a sub-clade of human Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b. It is of particular interest for the genetic history of Western Europe. It is defined by the presence of SNP marker M269. R-M269 has been the subject of intensive research; it was previously also known as R1b1a2 (2003 to 2005), R1b1c (2005 to 2008), and R1b1b2 (2008 to 2011)^[3]

R-M269 is the most common European haplogroup, greatly increasing in frequency on an east to west gradient (its prevalence in Poland estimated at 22.7%, compared to Wales at 92.3%). It is carried by approximately 110 million European men (2010 estimate).^[4] The age of the mutation M269 is estimated at roughly 4,000 to 10,000 years ago, making it likely that the haplogroup originates in the European Neolithic, and its sub-clades can be used to trace the migrations associated with the Neolithic expansion."

"The larger Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA) is dominant in Western Europe, not only Britain and Ireland. While it was once seen as a lineage connecting the British Isles to Iberia (where it is also common), opinions concerning its origins have changed. It is now known R1b and R1a entered Europe with Indo-European migrants likely originating around the Black Sea."

The Mt haplotype (47% of Europe, 44.7% England, 44.1% in Ireland and Scotland; 59.8% in Wales) handed down from mother to son and daughter most common in Europe is ", originating in France.  

• Haplogroup H (mtDNA) Helena (Sykes), Helina (Oppenheimer). Almost half of Europe carries this.  
• Sykes found that the maternal clan (haplogroup) pattern was similar throughout England but with a definite trend from east and north to the south and west. The minor clans are mainly found in the east of England. Sykes found Haplogroup H to be dominant in Ireland and Wales. A few differences were found between North, Mid and South Wales. There was a closer link between North and Mid Wales than either had with the South.
  Sykes found that 10% of the Irish population were in Haplogroup U5 called Ursula. He calculated a date of 7,300 BC for the entry of this lineage into Ireland. Similar dates were proposed for the other mitochondrial haplogroups, implying that mitochondrial lines in Ireland are far older there than the arrival of Iron Age Celts. Little difference was found between the maternal clans in the four provinces.
• 
  
• Resource: The Tribes of Britain by David Miles, p. 31-35

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-top-five-human-evolution-discoveries-from-england-6792571/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdom
https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_history.php
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal
http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/KingsQueensofBritain/
http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/uk-population/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population
http://www.medstead.org/history.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_R-M269
What haplogroup We Be?  http://jewishfactsfromportland.blogspot.com/2010/01/what-haplogroup-we-be.html
http://www.eupedia.com/europe/european_mtdna_haplogroups_frequency.shtml